Logistics

Mission
Assuring security in logistics processes and along global supply chains

Description
In global logistics processes the need for a secure data management and security of the handling and transportation against manipulation need to be closely combined. The requirements in logistics are quite comprehensive as also varying due to the different transport modes (sea, rail, road, air, inland water transport) and different legal regulations for the different modes as also for different countries.

The global technology tree for Security in Logistics therefore considers technologies that are used in almost every transport mode. Further specification for single modes or single legal regulations would require further detailed investigation which is not in the scope of that global tree.
Two technologically more detailed trees for logistics applications are prepared for AutoID in Logistics and Tracking and Tracing of Carriers.

Applicable Security Missions
Security of infrastructures and utilities
Intelligent surveillance and border security
Description
AutoID systems are used in logistics to automatically identify items (parcels, goods, etc.) in the various process steps of global supply chains. With a unique identification number to each single item, the items can be tracked along the logistics processes.
AutoID solutions are essential in logistics to perform the following control:
• Identification: corresponds to the action of comparing an item ID with a set of characteristics registered/stored within a database (e.g. destination, additional information for dangerous goods). These information are important to provide a secure handling of the items (e.g. dangerous goods).
The main topics of research in AutoID systems include enhancing the identification accuracy especially for applications of bulk reading.

Applicable Security Missions
Security of infrastructures and utilities
Intelligent surveillance and border security
Description
Tracking and tracing of carriers like vehicles and containers in logistics is used to automatically locate those carriers at different stages of global supply chains. Furthermore tracking data (localization data added by sensordata) are used to monitor transport conditions and deviations from planned routes and conditions.
The tracking and tracing of carriers in logistics can be subdivided into two basis application:
• Tracking in local infrastructures like logistics hubs which requires higher localization accuracy
• Global tracking in transport processes between the nodes of a transport chain which requires a less accurate localization but additional information on transport conditions
The main topics of research for tracking and tracing of carriers include enhancing the localization accuracy for local applications and the integration of further sensor technologies into telematic systems for additional monitoring features.

Admin wrote:Applicable Security Missions
Security of infrastructures and utilities
Intelligent surveillance and border security
Description
AutoID systems are used in logistics to automatically identify items (parcels, goods, etc.) in the various process steps of global supply chains. With a unique identification number to each single item, the items can be tracked along the logistics processes.
AutoID solutions are essential in logistics to perform the following control:
• Identification: corresponds to the action of comparing an item ID with a set of characteristics registered/stored within a database (e.g. destination, additional information for dangerous goods). These information are important to provide a secure handling of the items (e.g. dangerous goods).
The main topics of research in AutoID systems include enhancing the identification accuracy especially for applications of bulk reading.

The supply chain for AutoID systems (that are also used in other application areas than logistics) involves a lot of players with numerous interactions between each other from the sensors/components manufacturers to the final end-user that are required in order to integrate new AutoID systems in larger security infrastructures.
The overall situation of the STSC for AutoID systems is seen as relatively stable in terms of the general organisation of supply chains and the positioning of players. For special purposes like multiple use of passive RFID (e.g. for identification and localization) or secure bulk reading with RFID the market is more dynamic.
Within Europe the majority of the suppliers are located in German speaking countries and Finland. Beneath those many Northern American hardware suppliers (equipment) are part of the global supply chain for AutoID systems relevant for logistics.

Admin wrote:

Admin wrote:Applicable Security Missions
Security of infrastructures and utilities
Intelligent surveillance and border security
Description
AutoID systems are used in logistics to automatically identify items (parcels, goods, etc.) in the various process steps of global supply chains. With a unique identification number to each single item, the items can be tracked along the logistics processes.
AutoID solutions are essential in logistics to perform the following control:
• Identification: corresponds to the action of comparing an item ID with a set of characteristics registered/stored within a database (e.g. destination, additional information for dangerous goods). These information are important to provide a secure handling of the items (e.g. dangerous goods).
The main topics of research in AutoID systems include enhancing the identification accuracy especially for applications of bulk reading.

The use of RFID is still limited in global supply chains due to several reasons:
• Secure reading of bulks of tagged items is not mature. This application is important to fully use the potential and advantages of RFID compared to other AutoID technologies like optical codes (barcode etc.).
• High pricing of RFID labels compared to barcode applications. The use of RFID is therefore limited to higher price items. The use of RFID for lower price items (e.g. clothing) is increasing.
• RFID suffers from low citizens’ acceptance as a reflection of public concerns about preservation of individual rights of citizens (e.g. protection of personal information etc).
For those reasons it is always of course an important issue for all autoID technologies to prevent misuse by unauthorized people - for that reason there are currently several national and international projects to secure information in autoID technologies.
The main topics of research in AutoID systems include enhancing the identification accuracy especially for applications of bulk reading.

Admin wrote:Applicable Security Missions
Security of infrastructures and utilities
Intelligent surveillance and border security
Description
Tracking and tracing of carriers like vehicles and containers in logistics is used to automatically locate those carriers at different stages of global supply chains. Furthermore tracking data (localization data added by sensordata) are used to monitor transport conditions and deviations from planned routes and conditions.
The tracking and tracing of carriers in logistics can be subdivided into two basis application:
• Tracking in local infrastructures like logistics hubs which requires higher localization accuracy
• Global tracking in transport processes between the nodes of a transport chain which requires a less accurate localization but additional information on transport conditions
The main topics of research for tracking and tracing of carriers include enhancing the localization accuracy for local applications and the integration of further sensor technologies into telematic systems for additional monitoring features.

The supply chain for Tracking and Tracing systems (that are also used in other application areas than logistics) involves a lot of players with numerous interactions between each other from the sensors/components manufacturers to the final end-user that are required in order to integrate new Tracking and Tracing systems in larger security infrastructures.
The overall situation of the STSC for Tracking and Tracing devices is seen as relatively dynamic in terms of the general organisation of supply chains and the positioning of players as SMEs share a big part of the market. For special purposes like Container Security Devices (an alternative approach to 100% container scanning strategies) or telematic systems for trailers the market is very dynamic in the fields of research and development.

The use of Tracking/tracing is still limited in global supply chains due to several reasons:
• Standardization for data sets of tracking information is missing to secure the interoperability of several systems along transportation chains (for that reasons it is hard to gather an overview over complete transportation chains).
• As the amount of tracking devices and the amount of data available from single tracking devices is steadily increasing it is necessary to develop automated solutions to process all incoming data (smart filtering, visualization of monitoring information, pattern analyses to identify manipulations etc.).
• Standardize e.g. Container Security Devices (CSDs) to enable them to be an alternative to strategies like 100% container scanning.
The main topics of research for tracking and tracing of carriers include enhancing the localization accuracy for local applications and the integration of further sensor technologies into telematic systems for additional monitoring features.
The use of Tracking and Tracing systems is further increasing and can be expected to lead to new technologies and applications in the areas of:
• GNSS-based systems with the introduction of alternative satellite system to GPS (like GLONASS, Galileo).
• Integration of sensor technologies in tracking modules for additional monitoring applications (also combined with other purposes like item identification).
• Tracking and tracing of carriers in local environments like e.g. container terminals with improving localization accuracy and analysis of transporting and handling processes.